Research

Milgram, Stanley. Individual in a Social World. New York: McGraw Hill, 1972.

This book contains a good explanation of Milgram's work with what he termed Cyranoids, or people who do not speak thoughts originating from their own central nervous system but rather are instructed from a remote source. In his experiments Milgram uses a tiny ear mounted radio transceiver and receiver to allow a Cyranoid's speech to be controlled by another person. He goes on in this essay to speculate about how using multiple sources could effect the perceived personality of a Cyranoid.

Schank, Robert C. Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding. Hillsdale: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1977.

The introduction of this book describes Schank's eleven primitive acts of Conceptual Dependency. Schank's argues that all actions can be broken down into these eleven categories and I am using these categories as a framework for the actions in my project.

Paulos, Eric and Cranny, John. Ubiquitous Tele-embodiment: Applications and Implications. http://www.prop.org/papers/blimp.pdf: , 1997.

This is one in a series of papers from Eric Paulos and John Canny about their Prop projects. Props are tele-robotic avatars that users can control over the web. They are interested in issues of presence and perceived personality. In this selected paper the two first mention the work of Stanley Milgram who's Cyranoid project has influenced their own.

Freeman, Jo. The Tyranny of Structurelessness. Berkley: Berkley Journal of Soiciology, 1970.

Jo Freeman wrote this telling essay about how structureless groups though informal have a structure. Furthermore these informal structures actually impede the group from creating meaningful action. Key point: all groups will inevitably structure themselves. In relation to my project it is important to create an explicit system that the community will structure itself around.

Postman, Neil. Technopoly. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

This book details the social concerns that a society faces when it has lost control over information and views technological progress as the epitome of human progress. While not as direct an influence on my project as other works in this bibliography this book has helped shape my thinking going into the project.

Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgement to Calculation. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1976.

Joseph Weizenbaum created the A.I. program Eliza in 1966 which was so widely accepted as a possible replacement for psychotherapy that it caused him a pseudo spiritual crisis. He began to question computers and their applications and this work deals with those ideas. Like Postman's work this book has been influential in my thinking going into the project.

Unknown, Unknown. Heros Quest 1: Technical and Game Manual. Washington: Sierra, 1989.

This technical manual describes all of the actions and basic grammar of this command line game from Sierra. I have looked at a series of these games to see how their grammar allows users to create action.

Unknown, Unknown. Soldiers Manual of Common Tasks. Washington : Department of the Army, 1983.

This is an Amy training manual that describes exactly, and I mean exactly every single task that defines a soldier. I have been looking at this document for insight into institutional control and grammars of control.

Taylor, Ken. Issues in Internet Telerobotics. Canberra: FSR, 1997.

This paper details Ken Taylor's work with his tele-robotic project which began in 1994. The project allowed online remote users to move a series of blocks with a robotic arm.

Maslow, Abraham. Motivation and Personality. New York: Haper & Rowe, 1970.

This book helps details Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. I am concerned with included some of the basic physiological needs that he identifies as part of my feedback system.

, Stelarc. Stelarc Home Page. : Sept 2003, http://www.stelarc.va.com.au/index2.html.

This page details Stelarc's Ping Body performance and his other projects, writings and interviews.

Goldberg, Ken. Beyond the Web: Excavating the Real World Via Mosaic. Chicago: Second International WWW Conference, 1994.

This paper details Ken Goldberg and his team's first tele robot project called Project Mercury. There is some debate as to who had a collabrativly controlled robot online first (Ken Taylor etc).

Goldberg, Ken. Background Info on Project Mercury. August 2003: , http://www.usc.edu/dept/raiders/story/Aug_Jan_Hosts2.html.

This then background and research site for Ken Goldberg's Project Mercury. It has a series of papers and charts that I have discussed in my paper.

Stedman, Nancy. Thriving Community Is Seeded By Tele-Gardening on the Web. New York Times: August 2, 1996.

This is a short article about the telegarden that has some good quotes from Goldberg and Santarromana.

, CME 1. cultronix #5. September 2003: , http://eserver.org/cultronix/pparadise/happinessflows.html.

This web zine has a really good article about the Centre for Metahuman Exploration and also has a video of Project Paradise.

Electronica, Ars. Ars Electronica Catalog Archive. September 03: , http://www.aec.at/en/archives/festival_archive/festival_cata.

This is the catalog description to the CME's Project Paradise piece from the 98 Ars Electronica show. There is not much documentation on this piece so I have had to resort to web sources.

Goldberg, Ken. Collaborative Teleoperation Using Networked Spatial Dynamic Voting. Washington: IEEE Conference, 2002.

This paper details the TeleActor's spatial voting system and deatils the system design.

Goldberg, Ken. Collaborative Online Teleoperation with Spatial Dynamic Voting and a Human Tele-Actor. Washington: IEEE Conference, 2002.

This paper details an early version of the TeleActor's spatial voting system and deatils a field test from July 2001.

Shirky, Clay. A Group is Its Own Worst Enemy. April 2003: Networks, Economics, and Culture" mailing list, http://shirky.com/writings/group_enemy.html.

This is a really great paper detailing the social patterns of online groups and their need for meaningful structure and moderation.

, CME 2. Centre for MetaHuman Exploration Homepage. Sept 02: , http://www.metahuman.org/.

This is the home page for a reseach group out of Carnegie Mellon University who created Project Paradise.

, Teleactors. Teleactors Homepage. September 03: , http://www.tele-actor.net/.

This is the homepage of the Teleactors guild and interactive collaboration system created by Ken Goldberg's team at UC Berkley.